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SHORT NOTES
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING AND C
SYLLABUS:- Credit : 5
1. Introduction to C : Object Oriented Technology, Advantages of OOP, Input- output in C ,Tokens,Keywords, Identifiers, Data Types C , Derives data types. The void data type, Type Modifiers, Typecasting,
Constant, Operator, Precedence of Operators, Strings.
2. Control Structures : Decision making statements like if-else, Nested if-else, goto, break, continue, switch
case, Loop statement like for loop, nested for loop, while loop, do-while loop
3. Functions : Parts of Function, User- defined Functions, Value- Returning Functions, void Functions, Value
Parameters, Function overloading, Virtual Functions
4. Classes and Data Abstraction : Structure in C , Class, Build- in Operations on Classes, Assignment
Operator and Classes, Class Scope, Reference parameters and Class Objects (Variables), Member functions,
Accessor and Mutator Functions, Constructors, default Constructor, Destructors.
5. Overloading & Templates : Operator Overloading, Function Overloading, Function Templates, Class Templates.
6. Inheritance : Single and Multiple Inheritance, virtual Base class, Abstract Class, Pointer and Inheritance,
Overloading Member Function.
7. Pointers and Arrays : Void Pointers, Pointer to Class, Pointer to Object, The this Pointer, Void Pointer,
Arrays.
8. Exception Handling : The keywords try, throw and catch. Creating own Exception Classes, Exception
Handling Techniques (Terminate the Program, Fix the Error and Continue, Log the Error and Continue), Stack
Unwinding.
UNIT 1:- INTRODUCTION TO C
C is devloped by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 in AT&T Bell laboratry.
Object Oriented Technology:-Object Oriented programming is a programming style that is associated with the concept of Class, Objects and various other concepts revovling around these two, like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction, Encapsulation etc
.Advantage of OOPs:-Object Oriented Programming has great advantages over other programmingstyles: Code Reuse and Recycling: Objects created for Object Oriented Programs can easily be reused in other programs. Encapsulation (part 1): Once an Object is created, knowledge of its implementation is not necessary for its use.
Different Between POP and OOP
Subject of Difference | Procedure Oriented Programming (POP) | No. | Object Oriented Programming (OOP) |
Problem decomposition | Decompose the main problem in small parts called functions. | 01 | Decompose the main problem in small parts called objects. |
Connections of parts | Connects small parts of the program by passing parameters & using operating system. | 02 | Connects small parts of the program by passing messages. |
Emphasizing | Emphasizes on functions. | 03 | Emphasizes on data. |
Use of data | In large programs, most functions use global data. | 04 | Each object controls data under it. |
Passing of data | Data may get passed from one function to another. | 05 | Data never get passed from one object to another. |
Security of data | Appropriate & effective techniques are unavailable to secure the data. | 06 | Data stay secured as no external function can use data of an object. |
Modification of program | Modification of a completed program is very difficult and it may affect the whole program. | 07 | Modifications are easy as objects stay independent to declare and define. |
Designing approach | Employs top-down approach for designing programs. | 08 | Employs bottom-up approach for designing. |
Data identification | In large programs, it is very difficult to find what data has been used by which function. | 09 | As data and functions stay close, it is easy to identify data. |
Q:-What is a token in programming? Q:-What is Keyword in C ? Q:-What is Identifier in C ? Q:-What is Data type in c ? C is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators: String is acollection of charecter
Ans:- A programming token is the basic component of source code . Character s are categorized as one of five classes of tokens that describe their functions (constants, identifiers, operators, reserved words, and separators) in accordance with the rules of the programming language.
Ans:-Keywords are predefined, reserved words used in programming that have a special meaning. Keywords are part of the syntax and they cannot be used as an identifier. … Here, int is a keyword that indicates ‘money’ is a variable of type integer. As C is a case sensitive language, allkeywords must be written in lowercase.auto const double float int short struct unsigned
break continue else for long signed switch void
case default enum goto register sizeof typedef volatile
char do extern if return static union while
Ans:-An Identifier is a user-assigned program element. … In C,C , C# and other programming languages, an identifier is a name that is assigned by the user for a program element such as variable, type, template, class, function or namespace. It is usually limited to letters, digits and underscore.
Ans:-Data types simply refers to the type and size of data associated with variables and functions.
char str[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '�'};
char str[] = "Hello";